The inert gases with a valence of 0 sit to one side of the table. In doing so, we discover that the periodic table is a representation of the valences of the elements: elements in the same group all share a common valence. We can proceed in this manner to assign a valence to each element, by simply determining the number of atoms to which this element's atoms prefer to bind. Correspondingly, it is not surprising to find that, for example, the combination of two potassium atoms with a single oxygen atom forms a stable molecule, since oxygen's valence of 2 is be satisfied by the two alkali atoms, each with valence 1. Therefore, they also have a valence of 1. Lithium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium bind with a single halogen atom. This concept also applies to elements just following the inert gases. have a valence of 3, and carbon and silicon have a valence of 4. is assigned as 2, since two hydrogens are required to satisfy bonding needs of these atoms. What we mean by a valence of 1 is that these atoms prefer to bind to only one other atom. We thus assign their valence as 1, also taking hydrogen to also have a valence of 1. Each halogen prefers to form molecules by combining with a single hydrogen atom (e.g. We thus assign their valence as 0, meaning that these atoms tend to form 0 bonds. The inert gases do not tend to combine with any other atoms. To begin our analysis of chemical bonding, we define the valence of an atom by its tendencies to form molecules.
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